C for CAMERA OBSCURA (REVERSED)

Leonardo and the Camera Obscura

If Leonardo's studies of the camera obscura stand in a well established tradition, they remain important for at least three reasons. One is their sheer quantity: there are no less than 270 diagrams of camera obscuras in Leonardo's notebooks. Second, he uses it to demonstrate a wide range of optical principles: inversion of images, non-interference, images all in all, intensity of light and shad...

From Perception to Paint: the Practical Use of the Camera Obscura in the Time of Vermeer

This is a report of a studio experiment to explore how images from the camera obscura could have been used directly by artists of Vermeer’s era. It has a pragmatic and practical approach, bringing a painter’s eye and experience to the problems of transferring images from the lens to a canvas, using the primitive technology and unrefined materials available then. It addresses how an artist could...

Micrographia of the twenty-first century: from camera obscura to 4D microscopy

In this paper, the evolutionary and revolutionary developments of microscopic imaging are overviewed with a perspective on origins. From Alhazen's camera obscura, to Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek's two-dimensional optical micrography, and on to three- and four-dimensional (4D) electron microscopy, these developments over a millennium have transformed humans' scope of visualization. The changes in t...

Characterizing Reversed - Phase Column Selectivity C

olumn selectivity varies among different reversed-phase columns, and, sometimes, different batches of the same column. For a reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) assay that is to be used for several months or years, replacement columns with the same selectivity must be available for the duration of the method. For example, consider the separation in Figure 1a, which uses an Ace C8 column (...

Camera Augmented Mobile C-arm